Surgical Management of Impacted Wisdom Teeth: Indications and Complications

Abstract

The surgical management of impacted wisdom teeth, or third molars, is often warranted when these teeth pose risks to oral health. Indications for extraction typically include recurrent infections, the development of cysts or tumors, significant crowding of adjacent teeth, and pain or swelling in the area. Patients may also require extraction when the wisdom teeth are positioned in a way that could cause displacement of other teeth or difficulty in cleaning, leading to further dental issues such as periodontal disease. Preoperative assessment through imaging, like panoramic radiographs, helps determine the specific position and relationship of the impacted teeth to nearby anatomical structures, thereby guiding the surgical approach. While the extraction of impacted wisdom teeth is a common procedure, it carries potential complications that both patients and dental professionals must consider. Common complications include infection, dry socket (alveolar osteitis), nerve damage, and excessive bleeding. In some cases, the surgical site may heal improperly, leading to delayed healing or the development of additional oral health complications. To mitigate these risks, proper surgical techniques, patient selection, and postoperative care are crucial. It is essential for patients to discuss the benefits and risks of surgical intervention with their oral surgeon to ensure informed decision-making and optimal outcomes.