New Membrane Technologies and Their Applications in Reusing and Desalination Processes of Water

Abstract

There has been an increase in the development of desalination technologies and alternate water sources as a result of the growing scarcity of freshwater. This paper provides an analysis of the aspects that have an impact on costs and emphasises areas that require further investigation. These topics include the characterisation of feed water, the optimisation of systems, and the management of concentrates. It places an emphasis on the necessity of mathematical, computational, and analytical methods in order to enhance water treatment procedures for use in practical applications. Although membrane technologies have shown promise in tackling global water shortages, there are still challenges that need to be addressed before they can be used in a sustainable manner. These challenges include high energy consumption and fouling. Recent technological advances are aimed at enhancing water reuse and desalination processes. Non-conventional water resources, such as desalination and reuse, are increasingly being incorporated into hydrological planning by nations as a result of climate change, population growth, and rising needs, notably in the agricultural sector. Reusing water helps to promote conservation and sustainability, and it aids in the development of a circular economy.