Nursing Care of Patients with Pulmonary Embolism: A Review

Abstract

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when a blood clot blocks a pulmonary artery, impeding blood flow to the lungs. Effective nursing care is critical in managing patients with PE due to the condition's rapid onset and the need for timely interventions. Nurses play a vital role in the assessment and monitoring of patients, recognizing clinical signs such as sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, and tachycardia. Immediate interventions include administering supplemental oxygen, initiating anticoagulation therapy as prescribed, and ensuring the patient is monitored for complications such as respiratory distress or hemodynamic instability. Education on risk factors, such as prolonged immobility and recent surgeries, is also crucial to prevent recurrence. In addition to acute management, ongoing nursing care involves creating individualized care plans that address the patient's physical and emotional needs. This includes regular assessment of vital signs, lung sounds, and oxygen saturation, as well as encouraging early mobilization to enhance venous return and reduce the risk of further emboli. Nurses should also provide patient education on lifestyle modifications, the importance of adherence to anticoagulant therapy, and recognizing signs of potential complications. Through comprehensive assessment, timely interventions, and patient education, nurses play an essential role in improving outcomes for patients with pulmonary embolism.