Degree-Based Topological Indices of Square of Alkanes
Abstract
Graph operations are crucial in many applications of graph theory, as they allow large graphs to be constructed from smaller ones. This study focuses on one specific graph-theoretical operation: the square graph. Alkanes, which are the simplest hydrocarbons composed solely of hydrogen (H) and carbon (C) atoms without any functional groups, are the subject of our investigation. In this paper, we compute several topological indices for the square of alkanes namely, Atom Bond Connectivity Index ( ABC), Geometric Arithmetic ( GA ), Forgotten Index ( F ), Inverse Sum Indeg Index ( ISI ), Randic Index (), Reciprocal Randic Index ( RR ) Arithmetic Geometric Index ( ), First Zagreb Index ( ), Second Zagreb Index ( ), Modified Second Zagreb Index ( ), Hyper Zagreb Index ( HM ), Symmetric Division Deg Index ( SDD ). Additionally, we provide a graphical and numerical comparison of these topological indices.
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