Hand Hygiene Practices among Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the hand hygiene (HH) practices among nurses in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: To locate research that met the inclusion criteria, a thorough computerized search of relevant databases was carried out. A comprehensive search was carried out on PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to locate relevant material.
Results: Our data included eight trials with 1218 participants and 573 (47%) were males. This systematic review noted that compliance rates ranged widely, from 18.8% to 86.83%, and the most important factors in HH were gender-female nurses being more compliant; education targeted at and training of nurses; and, finally, behavioral factors related to self-efficacy, social pressure, and workplace culture. While there was some good compliance, generally HH practices were suboptimal and needed further improvement.
Conclusion: This systematic review indicates that factors that significantly contribute to compliance to HH among Saudi nurses include gender, with females generally showing better adherence, and targeted education and training. Behavioral factors include self-efficacy, while social factors include workplace culture, which greatly enhances the practice of HH. Although some studies were positive, the overall compliance was poor, and further efforts were required to improve the adherence to HH practices through better education, supportive environment, and strong monitoring mechanisms for ensuring patient safety and quality care.
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