The Role of a Multidisciplinary Approach in the Prevention and Management of Heart Disease Insights from Nursing, Public Health, General Medicine, and Laboratory Sciences

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of global mortality, necessitating a paradigm shift from a siloed, reactive model of care to a comprehensive, proactive, and integrated approach. This research paper critically examines the indispensable role of a multidisciplinary framework in the prevention and management of heart disease, drawing upon the distinct yet synergistic contributions of Nursing, Public Health, General Medicine, and Laboratory Sciences. The analysis demonstrates that nursing provides the essential bridge to patient-centered care through education, advocacy, and chronic disease management. Public health offers the foundational population-wide strategy via epidemiology, risk stratification, and policy interventions. General medicine acts as the central coordinator for longitudinal care, diagnosis, and treatment optimization. Laboratory sciences underpin evidence-based decisions with precise diagnostic and monitoring data. The paper further explores the conceptual models for integration, identifies significant barriers to interdisciplinary collaboration—including professional hierarchies and ineffective health information systems—and proposes key facilitators, such as interprofessional education and interoperable technology. The central thesis is that the prevention and optimal management of heart disease are unattainable through isolated efforts; superior patient outcomes, enhanced quality of life, and efficient resource utilization are fundamentally dependent on the seamless, collaborative integration of these four core disciplines.