Integrating Physical Therapy and Dental Care in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer a Multidisciplinary Approach

Abstract

The management of head and neck cancer (HNC) has evolved to achieve higher survival rates, yet patients frequently endure severe and persistent functional deficits that profoundly diminish their quality of life (QoL). The complex pathophysiology of treatment sequelae—including tissue fibrosis, neurovascular injury, and salivary gland dysfunction—demands a rehabilitation approach that transcends traditional, siloed care. This paper argues for the imperative of a fully integrated, multidisciplinary model that strategically unites physical therapy and dental care from pre-treatment through long-term survivorship. It delineates the distinct yet complementary roles of these disciplines: physical therapy in restoring cervical and shoulder mobility, managing trismus and lymphedema, while dental care focuses on pre-emptive oral management, mucositis control, and prosthetic rehabilitation. The paper further explores the critical importance of interdisciplinary assessment using shared metrics and patient-reported outcomes to guide care, and emphasizes the necessity of a patient-centered framework that prioritizes education, adherence, and QoL as the ultimate markers of success. By synthesizing evidence on interventions, protocols, and collaborative strategies, this research concludes that the systematic integration of physical therapy and dental care is not merely beneficial but essential for achieving the overarching goal of HNC rehabilitation: to help patients regain function, dignity, and a meaningful life after cancer.