Diabetic Retinopathy in Primary Care: Family Medicine and Optometry Prespectives

  • Abdulelah Sulaiman Alsughayyir et al.
Keywords: diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, primary care, optometry, family physicians

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a leading cause of preventable blindness among working-age adults, with its growing prevalence mirroring the global diabetes epidemic. This comprehensive review examines the current strategies, challenges, and innovations in DR screening and management across primary care, optometry, and ophthalmology settings. We highlight the critical role of family physicians in early detection through systematic screening protocols and risk factor modification, emphasizing gaps in adherence to guidelines and patient education. Optometrists emerge as essential frontline providers, leveraging advanced imaging technologies and telemedicine to enhance community-based detection, while ophthalmologists remain pivotal in managing advanced disease. The review explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving screening accuracy and accessibility, particularly in underserved regions. Key prevention strategies, including glycemic and blood pressure control, are discussed alongside evidence supporting organized screening programs that reduce severe vision loss by up to 90%. Despite advancements, disparities persist due to socioeconomic factors, healthcare access inequalities, and inconsistent implementation of screening programs. The integration of multidisciplinary care models, technological innovations, and policy reforms is essential to address these challenges and reduce the global burden of DR-related blindness.

Author Biography

Abdulelah Sulaiman Alsughayyir et al.

Abdulelah Sulaiman Alsughayyir¹, Hamood Sulaiman Alturaigi², Talhah Mohammed Alghasham³, Nouf Sulaiman Masad Albalawi⁴, Abdullah Hammad A Alsadoon⁵
¹ Family and community medicine, security forces hospital, Riyadh, KSA
² Family medicine consultant, King Saud Medical City
³ Senior Optometrist, Northern Borders Health Cluster - Saudi Arabia - Arar
⁴ Senior Optometrist, Tabuk Health Cluster - Alwajh General Hospital - Optometry, Alwajh, Saudi Arabia
⁵ Optometrist, Al-Jouf Health Cluster, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia

Published
2023-02-04
Issue
Volume 2023
Section
Regular Issue

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