The Role of Nursing, Pharmacy, Nutrition, and Social Work in the Multidisciplinary Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

Abstract

The management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) requires a collaborative approach that integrates the expertise of various healthcare professionals, including nursing, pharmacy, nutrition, and social work. Nurses play a pivotal role in patient education, monitoring blood glucose levels, and providing ongoing support for lifestyle modifications. Their ability to build rapport with patients allows for effective communication of treatment plans and adherence strategies. Pharmacists contribute by managing medication regimens, educating patients about their prescriptions, and ensuring the safe use of antidiabetic medications. They also play a crucial role in identifying potential drug interactions and side effects, thereby optimizing pharmacotherapy for better glycemic control. Nutritionists and dietitians are essential in developing personalized dietary plans that align with patients' health goals, helping them to make sustainable changes that can improve their overall well-being and glycemic control. They educate patients about carbohydrate counting, meal timing, and healthy food choices, which are critical for managing T2DM. Social workers address the psychosocial aspects of diabetes management, offering counseling and resources to help patients cope with the emotional burdens of chronic disease. They also assist in navigating social determinants of health, ensuring that patients have access to necessary support systems. Together, these disciplines create a comprehensive care plan that addresses the multifaceted nature of T2DM, promoting better health outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for patients.