Instruments for Collecting Information in Quantitative Research

Abstract

Introduction: Scientific research relies on quantitative methods to rigorously and systematically study measurable phenomena. Data collection tools are key to ensuring the validity and reliability of results. This study analyzes their concepts, characteristics, usefulness, types, advantages, and limitations, highlighting their methodological importance and use according to the type of study.

Objective: To analyze the main data collection tools used in quantitative research by identifying their characteristics, applications, advantages, and limitations, in order to assess their relevance based on the type of study and research objectives.

Methodology: The research was conducted using a qualitative and documentary approach, employing the hermeneutic method to critically interpret specialized sources on quantitative methodology.

Results: The study revealed that quantitative data collection tools are essential for measuring specific variables through standardized, objective, and replicable techniques. Notable instruments include questionnaires, surveys, standardized tests, structured interviews, databases, quantitative diaries, and experiments. These tools enable the collection of large volumes of information, precise statistical analysis, and the establishment of relationships between variables. Each instrument offers particular advantages: questionnaires capture attitudes and opinions; tests assess skills and knowledge; structured interviews provide uniform data; and databases offer broad, systematized information. Although useful, these techniques present interpretative limitations, requiring clear technical, ethical, and contextual application criteria.

Discussion: Quantitative tools are valuable for their precision, replicability, and generalizability. However, their effectiveness depends on the methodological design and suitability to the phenomenon under study. They show limitations in complex contexts, thus the combination with qualitative approaches is recommended. Technological advances have expanded their reach, but require critical evaluation and ongoing methodological training.