Integrating Evidence-Based Medical Practices for Infection Control: A Review of General Healthcare Strategies to Combat Nosocomial Infections

Abstract

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections, continue to pose a significant threat to patient safety and public health across healthcare systems globally. These infections contribute to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, greater healthcare expenditures, and rising antimicrobial resistance. This review aims to synthesize and critically examine evidence-based medical practices implemented in general healthcare settings to prevent and control HAIs. Drawing on a wide range of peer-reviewed studies, clinical guidelines, and global health reports, the review highlights key interventions including hand hygiene, antimicrobial stewardship programs, environmental cleaning, barrier precautions, and healthcare worker training. It also explores emerging innovations such as the use of artificial intelligence, telehealth surveillance, and enhanced infection control protocols post-COVID-19. The findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive, system-wide approach that integrates evidence-based protocols with strong institutional leadership and continuous monitoring. While many interventions are well-established, challenges remain in implementation, particularly in low-resource settings. The article concludes by offering recommendations to strengthen infection control programs and reduce the burden of HAIs through standardized, evidence-informed medical practices.