A Century of Progress in Medicine: Critical Insights into Diagnostics, Treatment, and Policy in Global Healthcare Systems
Abstract
Over the last hundred years, the field of medicine has undergone profound transformations, driven by advancements in diagnostic technologies, therapeutic strategies, and health policy frameworks. This review explores how medicine has evolved from rudimentary tools and reactive care into a sophisticated, evidence-based, and globally interconnected discipline. Drawing on a century's worth of literature and contemporary studies, we examine milestones in diagnostics, revolutions in treatment modalities, and the shifting landscape of health policy that now governs modern healthcare systems. The paper highlights critical challenges—including inequality, regulatory gaps, and ethical dilemmas—that persist despite medical progress. By offering a historical lens and a forward-looking critique, this review aims to inform practitioners, policymakers, and scholars of the interconnected evolution of medicine across science, practice, and governance.
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