Effective Nursing Interventions for Acute Epistaxis Management in Emergency Settings A Comprehensive Review Study

Abstract

Acute epistaxis, or nosebleed, is a common presentation in emergency settings that can range from a minor nuisance to a significant medical emergency. Effective nursing interventions are crucial for managing acute epistaxis to prevent complications, such as anemia or airway obstruction. Initial management often includes assessing the patient's vital signs and medical history, followed by advising the patient to sit upright and lean forward to help minimize blood aspiration. Instructing the patient to apply direct pressure to the nasolabial area for at least 10–15 minutes is vital. Additionally, utilizing humidified oxygen therapy and ensuring adequate hydration can facilitate healing and prevent recurrence. Nurses must also be vigilant in monitoring for signs of airway compromise or excessive blood loss, promptly escalating care when necessary. In more severe cases, advanced nursing interventions may be required. These can include the application of topical vasoconstrictors or nasal packing to control bleeding, when indicated. Educating patients about follow-up care and ways to prevent future episodes, such as avoiding nasal trauma and maintaining nasal moisture, is important for long-term management. Documenting the amount and characteristics of blood loss can help in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. Ultimately, a comprehensive approach that incorporates assessment, immediate care, patient education, and ongoing monitoring is essential in the effective nursing management of acute epistaxis in emergency settings.