Emergency Nursing Care for Patients with Drug Overdose: Protocols and Challenges

Abstract

Emergency nursing care for patients experiencing drug overdose is critical, as timely and effective intervention can significantly impact patient outcomes. Protocols typically begin with rapid assessment and stabilization of the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation (the ABCs). Nurses must also perform a thorough history taking to identify the substance involved, dosage, and time of ingestion, which informs subsequent treatment decisions. Administration of antidotes, such as naloxone for opioid overdoses, is essential and must be done promptly. Continuous monitoring for vital signs and potential complications, along with intravenous fluid administration and supportive care, are also key elements of care. Despite established protocols, emergency nurses face significant challenges when managing drug overdose cases. Variability in patient response to drugs, potential co-ingestion of multiple substances, and the psychological or behavioral issues associated with addiction complicate treatment. Additionally, the stigma surrounding drug use can impact care delivery and patient cooperation. Nurses must be equipped with not only clinical skills but also compassion and understanding to address these complex patient needs adequately. Continuous education on current drug abuse trends and evolving treatment methods is vital to enhance the quality of care provided in emergency settings.