Understanding Oral Lichen Planus Clinical Features and Management

Abstract

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the oral mucosa, presenting with a variety of clinical features. Patients may exhibit white, lacy patches known as Wickham striae, erosive lesions, or red, atrophic areas, often accompanied by symptoms such as burning or discomfort. The etiology of OLP remains unclear, but it is believed to involve immune-mediated mechanisms, with associations to stress, systemic diseases, and certain medications. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by histopathological examination, and distinguishing OLP from other oral lesions is crucial for appropriate management. Management of Oral Lichen Planus focuses on symptom relief and controlling inflammation, as there is currently no definitive cure. Topical corticosteroids are the first-line treatment, effectively reducing inflammation and alleviating pain. In severe cases, systemic therapies such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents may be considered. Patient education about the condition’s chronic nature and potential triggers, as well as regular dental follow-ups, are vital components of management. Additionally, since OLP can predispose individuals to oral squamous cell carcinoma, monitoring for any dysplastic changes is essential.